---
title: "Window" comes from Old Norse "vindauga", meaning "wind eye", a hole… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: "Window" comes from Old Norse "vindauga", meaning "wind eye", a hole in the wall for air and light. Who acts: Window. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 10

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"Window" comes from Old Norse "vindauga", meaning "wind eye", a hole in the wall for air and light.

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**Who acts:** Window · **What happens:** come, mean · **To what, where:** Norse vindauga, wind eye

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Window), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:10
# text = "Window" comes from Old Norse "vindauga", meaning "wind eye", a hole in the wall for air and light.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:amod
7	Norse	norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_
9	vindauga	vindauga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
14	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Window |  |  | Norse vindauga |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from vindauga=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund |  | wind eye |  |  |  | a hole in the wall for air and light *obl* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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