--- title: "Bus" is short for "omnibus", Latin for "for everyone", the name of… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics description: "Bus" is short for "omnibus", Latin for "for everyone", the name of big horse-drawn carriages for all passengers in the 1800s; cutting a long word short like this is called clipping. Who acts: Bus, cutting. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/) / 12 # Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 12 "Bus" is short for "omnibus", Latin for "for everyone", the name of big horse-drawn carriages for all passengers in the 1800s; cutting a long word short like this is called clipping. **Who acts:** Bus, cutting · **What happens:** be, draw, cut, call, name · **To what, where:** long word, clipping, big drawn carriages · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bus, cutting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:12 # text = "Bus" is short for "omnibus", Latin for "for everyone", the name of big horse-drawn carriages for all passengers in the 1800s; cutting a long word short like this is called clipping. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Bus bus NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 for for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ _ 8 omnibus omnibus NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 Latin Latin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 11 nmod _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 21 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 22 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 23 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 22 punct _ _ 24 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 amod _ _ 25 carriages carriage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 28 det _ _ 28 passengers passenger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 28 nmod _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 33 cutting cut VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 41 csubj _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 37 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 xcomp _ _ 38 like like ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 37 obl _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux:pass _ _ 41 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 42 clipping clipping NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 xcomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=41:xcomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Bus | | | | | for omnibus Latin for everyone; short *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **draw** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **cut** | gerund | | a long word | | | | short *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset word=Product | | 4 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | cutting | clipping | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» | | 5 | **name** | | | big drawn carriages for all passengers in the 1800s | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/11/) - next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)