---
title: "a.m." is Latin "ante meridiem", before midday, and "p.m." is "post… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: "a.m." is Latin "ante meridiem", before midday, and "p.m." is "post meridiem", after midday. Who acts: a.m., p.m.. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 13

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"a.m." is Latin "ante meridiem", before midday, and "p.m." is "post meridiem", after midday.

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**Who acts:** a.m., p.m. · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Latin ante meridiem, meridiem

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (a.m., p.m.), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:13
# text = "a.m." is Latin "ante meridiem", before midday, and "p.m." is "post meridiem", after midday.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	a.m.	a.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_
7	ante	ante	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	meridiem	meridiem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
16	p.m.	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
20	post	post	X	AFX	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	meridiem	meridiem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	after	after	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | a.m. | Latin ante meridiem and midday and midday |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | p.m. | meridiem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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