--- title: English took many food words from French, like menu, restaurant, caf… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics description: English took many food words from French, like menu, restaurant, café, croissant, baguette and chef; "chef" means "chief" or "head" in French. Who acts: English, chef. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/) / 15 # Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 15 English took many food words from French, like menu, restaurant, café, croissant, baguette and chef; "chef" means "chief" or "head" in French. **Who acts:** English, chef · **What happens:** take, mean · **To what, where:** many food words, French, chief This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, chef), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:15 # text = English took many food words from French, like menu, restaurant, café, croissant, baguette and chef; "chef" means "chief" or "head" in French. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 menu menu NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 restaurant restaurant NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 café café NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=12:conj 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 croissant croissant NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 baguette baguette NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 chef chef NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 22 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 23 chef chef NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 25 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 26 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 27 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ _ 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 31 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 32 " " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | English | many food words | | French | | like menu and restaurant and café and croissant and baguette and chef | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent word=Theme from french=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **mean** | present | chef | chief or head | | | | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot chief=Theme in french=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/14/) - next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)