---
title: Studies of big dictionaries suggest that more than half of English w… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: Studies of big dictionaries suggest that more than half of English words came from Latin and French, but the everyday core (the, and, is, you, house, water) is mostly Old English. Who acts: Studies, half, you, everyday core. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the l
---

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# Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 16

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Studies of big dictionaries suggest that more than half of English words came from Latin and French, but the everyday core (the, and, is, you, house, water) is mostly Old English.

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**Who acts:** Studies, half, you, everyday core · **What happens:** suggest, come, be, study · **To what, where:** Latin, house, Old English, big dictionaries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Studies, half, you, everyday core), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:16
# text = Studies of big dictionaries suggest that more than half of English words came from Latin and French, but the everyday core (the, and, is, you, house, water) is mostly Old English.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dictionaries	dictionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	suggest	suggest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	9	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	13	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
22	core	core	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	32	punct	_	_
36	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
38	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | present | Studies of big dictionaries |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past | half of English words |  |  | Latin and French |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from latin=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present | you | the house and water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the everyday core | Old English |  |  |  | mostly *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **study** |  |  | big dictionaries |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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