--- title: Before that the Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, had already given Engl… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics description: Before that the Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, had already given English everyday words like "sky", "egg", "window" and even "they". Who acts: Vikings. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/) / 2 # Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 2 Before that the Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, had already given English everyday words like "sky", "egg", "window" and even "they". **Who acts:** Vikings · **What happens:** speak, give · **To what, where:** Old Norse, that · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:2 # text = Before that the Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, had already given English everyday words like "sky", "egg", "window" and even "they". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Before before ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Vikings viking PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 8 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 Norse Norse PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 11 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 already already ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 14 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 everyday everyday ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 16 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 17 like like ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 18 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 19 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:compound 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 22 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 23 egg egg NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:nmod 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 27 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 appos _ _ 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 even even ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 32 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Vikings | Old Norse | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **give** | past · perfect | the Vikings | that | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/1/) - next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)