---
title: The most common little words, like "the", "and", "you" and "water",… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: The most common little words, like "the", "and", "you" and "water", are still mostly Old English; many of the long, fancy ones are borrowed. Who acts: common little words. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its depe
---

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# Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 4

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The most common little words, like "the", "and", "you" and "water", are still mostly Old English; many of the long, fancy ones are borrowed.

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**Who acts:** common little words · **What happens:** be, borrow · **To what, where:** many

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (common little words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:4
# text = The most common little words, like "the", "and", "you" and "water", are still mostly Old English; many of the long, fancy ones are borrowed.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	3	advmod	_	_
3	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
7	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	appos	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	still	still	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
28	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
30	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
33	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
35	fancy	fancy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
37	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	conj	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the common little words |  |  |  | still | mostly, old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **borrow** | present · passive |  | many of the long fancy ones |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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