--- title: After 1066 English kept its animal words (cow, pig, sheep) but took… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics description: After 1066 English kept its animal words (cow, pig, sheep) but took French meat words: beef from "bœuf", pork from "porc", mutton from "mouton". Who acts: English, many. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/) / 5 # Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 5 After 1066 English kept its animal words (cow, pig, sheep) but took French meat words: beef from "bœuf", pork from "porc", mutton from "mouton". **Who acts:** English, many · **What happens:** keep, take, word · **To what, where:** animal words, French meat words This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:5 # text = After 1066 English kept its animal words (cow, pig, sheep) but took French meat words: beef from "bœuf", pork from "porc", mutton from "mouton". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 After after ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1066 1066 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 3 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 8 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 9 punct _ _ 9 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 pig pig NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 sheep sheep NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 14 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 9 punct _ _ 15 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 17 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 18 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 21 beef beef NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:obl 22 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 24 bœuf bœuf NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 pork pork NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 28 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 porc porc NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 mutton mutton NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 " " PUNCT `` _ 36 punct _ _ 36 mouton mouton NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 " " PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | past | English | many's animal words | | | after 1066 | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | | 2 | **take** | past | English *not said here* | French meat words | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | | 3 | **word** | | many | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/4/) - next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)