--- title: "They", "them" and "their" came from Old Norse; borrowing such small… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics description: "They", "them" and "their" came from Old Norse; borrowing such small everyday words is unusual and shows how closely the two peoples lived. Who acts: Shirt, two peoples. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/) / 8 # Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 8 "They", "them" and "their" came from Old Norse; borrowing such small everyday words is unusual and shows how closely the two peoples lived. **Who acts:** Shirt, two peoples · **What happens:** come, borrow, be, show, live · **To what, where:** Old Norse, such small everyday words · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shirt, two peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:8 # text = "They", "them" and "their" came from Old Norse; borrowing such small everyday words is unusual and shows how closely the two peoples lived. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 2 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 6 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ _ 7 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ _ 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 12 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 Norse Norse PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 borrowing borrow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 18 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 19 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 20 everyday everyday ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:nsubj 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 unusual unusual ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 ccomp _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 26 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 27 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:advmod 27 closely closely ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 ccomp _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | Shirt | | | Old Norse | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from norse=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **borrow** | gerund | Shirt *not said here* | such small everyday words | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | | 3 | **is** | present | Shirt *not said here* | | | | | unusual *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **show** | present | Shirt *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **live** | past | the two peoples | | | | | closely *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/7/) - next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)