--- title: Many experts think "ketchup" comes from Hokkien, a Chinese language,… — Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chi… · tree and pragmatics description: Many experts think "ketchup" comes from Hokkien, a Chinese language, "kê-tsiap", a fish sauce; this is likely but still argued about, and it became a tomato sauce in America in the 1800s. Who acts: Many experts, ketchup, this. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Ch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/) / 10 # Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 10 Many experts think "ketchup" comes from Hokkien, a Chinese language, "kê-tsiap", a fish sauce; this is likely but still argued about, and it became a tomato sauce in America in the 1800s. **Who acts:** Many experts, ketchup, this · **What happens:** think, come, be, argue, become · **To what, where:** Hokkien, tomato sauce · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many experts, ketchup, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:10 # text = Many experts think "ketchup" comes from Hokkien, a Chinese language, "kê-tsiap", a fish sauce; this is likely but still argued about, and it became a tomato sauce in America in the 1800s. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 experts expert NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 5 ketchup ketchup NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:compound 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Hokkien Hokkien PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:compound 14 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 16 kê kê NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 18 tsiap tsiap NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 19 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 sauce sauce NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 27 nsubj _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 likely likely ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 parataxis _ _ 28 but but CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 still still ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 argued argue VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 31 about about ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 tomato tomato NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 sauce sauce NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 xcomp _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 38 nmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - hedged: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Many experts | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **come** | present | ketchup | | | Hokkien | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from hokkien=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **is** | present | this | | | | | likely *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | participle | this *not said here* | | | | still | about *property* | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **become** | past | ketchup | a tomato sauce in America in the 1800s | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/9/) - next →: [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/)