--- title: Many words changed on the way, passing through several languages and… — Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chi… · tree and pragmatics description: Many words changed on the way, passing through several languages and sometimes changing meaning, so a word's story can be like a map of a long journey. Who acts: Many words, story. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/) / 3 # Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 3 Many words changed on the way, passing through several languages and sometimes changing meaning, so a word's story can be like a map of a long journey. **Who acts:** Many words, story · **What happens:** change, pass, be · **To what, where:** way, several languages, meaning This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many words, story), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:3 # text = Many words changed on the way, passing through several languages and sometimes changing meaning, so a word's story can be like a map of a long journey. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 passing pass VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 9 through through ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 14 advmod _ _ 14 changing change VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 conj _ _ 15 meaning meaning NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 17 so so ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:det 19 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod:poss _ _ 20 's 's PART POS _ 19 case _ _ 21 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 23 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 26 cop _ _ 24 like like ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 map map NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 journey journey NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | past | Many words | | | the way | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **pass** | gerund | Many words *not said here* | | | several languages | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through language=Location | | 3 | **change** | gerund | Many words *not said here* | meaning | | | | sometimes *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient | | 4 | **is** | can | a word's story | | | | | like a map; of a long journey | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/2/) - next →: [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/)