--- title: "Algebra" comes from Arabic "al-jabr", putting broken parts together… — Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chi… · tree and pragmatics description: "Algebra" comes from Arabic "al-jabr", putting broken parts together, from a maths book by the scholar al-Khwarizmi in Baghdad in the 800s; his name gave us "algorithm". Who acts: Algebra, name. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/) / 7 # Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 7 "Algebra" comes from Arabic "al-jabr", putting broken parts together, from a maths book by the scholar al-Khwarizmi in Baghdad in the 800s; his name gave us "algorithm". **Who acts:** Algebra, name · **What happens:** come, put, break, give, name · **To what, where:** al jabr, broken parts, maths book, algorithm, us This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Algebra, name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:7 # text = "Algebra" comes from Arabic "al-jabr", putting broken parts together, from a maths book by the scholar al-Khwarizmi in Baghdad in the 800s; his name gave us "algorithm". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×4 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Algebra algebra PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Arabic Arabic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 8 al Al PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 9 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct 10 jabr jabr NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 putting put VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 14 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 15 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 together together ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 from from ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 maths math NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 21 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 22 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 scholar scholar NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 al Al PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 appos _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 Khwarizmi Khwarizmi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 flat _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Baghdad Baghdad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 800s 800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 21 nmod _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 37 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 iobj _ _ 38 " " PUNCT `` _ 39 punct _ _ 39 algorithm algorithm NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 40 " " PUNCT '' _ 39 punct _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | Algebra | al jabr | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **put** | gerund | Algebra *not said here* | broken parts | | a maths book by the scholar in Baghdad in the 800s | | together *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent part=Goal | | 3 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **give** | past | Algebra's name | algorithm | us | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient algorithm=Theme | | 5 | **name** | | Algebra | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/6/) - next →: [Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/)