--- title: Grandad looks out and says "It's raining cats and dogs!", and little… — Idioms taken literally · tree and pragmatics description: Grandad looks out and says "It's raining cats and dogs!", and little Kai runs to the window to look for falling pets; Grandad only meant it is raining very hard. Who acts: Grandad, It, little Kai. A sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Idioms taken literally](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/) / 1 # Idioms taken literally, sentence 1 Grandad looks out and says "It's raining cats and dogs!", and little Kai runs to the window to look for falling pets; Grandad only meant it is raining very hard. **Who acts:** Grandad, It, little Kai · **What happens:** look out, say, rain, run, look, fall · **To what, where:** cats · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grandad, It, little Kai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:1 # text = Grandad looks out and says "It's raining cats and dogs!", and little Kai runs to the window to look for falling pets; Grandad only meant it is raining very hard. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 out out ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 7 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 raining rain VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ _ 10 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 13 ! ! PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 Kai Kai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 runs run VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 20 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 falling fall VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 amod _ _ 27 pets pet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 Grandad Grandad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 only only ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 meant mean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 raining rain VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 ccomp _ _ 35 very very ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 34 advmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look out** | present | Grandad | | | | | | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: express* | present | Grandad *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **rain** *in a quote* | present · progressive | It | cats and dogs | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **run** | present | little Kai | | | | | to the window *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to window=Result | | 5 | **look** | to-infinitive | little Kai *not said here* | | | | | for falling pets | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for pet=Theme | | 6 | **fall** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **mean** | past | Grandad | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **rain** | present · progressive | it | | | | | hard *property* | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Idioms taken literally, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/0/) - next →: [Idioms taken literally, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/)