--- title: Every language has idioms, and they sound mad when translated word f… — Idioms taken literally · tree and pragmatics description: Every language has idioms, and they sound mad when translated word for word: a Ukrainian gran says "вішати локшину на вуха", "to hang noodles on someone's ears", which means to tell them nonsense. Who acts: language, cats, Ukrainian gran, nonsense. A sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Idioms taken literally](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/) / 2 # Idioms taken literally, sentence 2 Every language has idioms, and they sound mad when translated word for word: a Ukrainian gran says "вішати локшину на вуха", "to hang noodles on someone's ears", which means to tell them nonsense. **Who acts:** language, cats, Ukrainian gran, nonsense · **What happens:** have, sound, translate, say, hang, mean · **To what, where:** idioms, word, noodles, ears, cats · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language, cats, Ukrainian gran, nonsense), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:2 # text = Every language has idioms, and they sound mad when translated word for word: a Ukrainian gran says "вішати локшину на вуха", "to hang noodles on someone's ears", which means to tell them nonsense. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Every every DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 idioms idiom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 sound sound VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 mad mad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 xcomp _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 11 translated translate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 12 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 18 gran gran NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 21 вішати вішати X FW Foreign=Yes 19 conj _ _ 22 локшину локшину X FW Foreign=Yes 21 flat:foreign _ _ 23 на на X FW Foreign=Yes 21 flat:foreign _ _ 24 вуха вуха X FW Foreign=Yes 21 flat:foreign _ _ 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct 26 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 hang hang VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ _ 30 noodles noodle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 's 's PART POS _ 32 case _ _ 34 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:nmod 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 nsubj _ _ 38 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 39 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 40 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 xcomp _ _ 41 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 iobj _ _ 42 nonsense nonsense NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | every language | idioms | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idiom=Patient | | 2 | **sound** | present | cats *= cat* | | | | | mad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **translate** | participle | cats *= cat* *not said here* | word | | | | for word | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a Ukrainian gran | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **hang** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | a Ukrainian gran *not said here* | noodles | | someone's ears | | | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent noodle=Theme on ear=Destination | | 6 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | nonsense | | cats *= cat* | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Idioms taken literally, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/1/) - next →: [Idioms taken literally, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/)