--- title: "Raining cats and dogs" means raining very hard; nobody knows for su… — Idioms taken literally · tree and pragmatics description: "Raining cats and dogs" means raining very hard; nobody knows for sure where it came from, and the stories about animals falling from roofs are not proven. Who acts: Raining, nobody, idiom, animals. A sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Idioms taken literally](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/) / 5 # Idioms taken literally, sentence 5 "Raining cats and dogs" means raining very hard; nobody knows for sure where it came from, and the stories about animals falling from roofs are not proven. **Who acts:** Raining, nobody, idiom, animals · **What happens:** rain, mean, know, come, fall, not prove · **To what, where:** cats, roofs, stories · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Raining, nobody, idiom, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:5 # text = "Raining cats and dogs" means raining very hard; nobody knows for sure where it came from, and the stories about animals falling from roofs are not proven. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×4 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Raining rain VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj 3 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 raining rain VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:ccomp 9 very very ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 8 advmod _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 13 nsubj _ _ 13 knows know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 14 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:advmod 16 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 18 advmod _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 19 from from ADP IN _ 18 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 about about ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 26 falling fall VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 25 acl _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 roofs roof NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 29 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 proven prove VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 conj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rain** *in a quote* | gerund | | cats and dogs | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | Raining | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **rain** *not said to happen* | gerund | Raining *not said here* | | | | | hard *property* | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | | 4 | **know** | present | nobody | | | | | for sure | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 5 | **come** | past | idiom | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **fall** | gerund | animals *not said here* | | | roofs | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from roof=Initial\_Location | | 7 | **not** **prove** | present · passive | | the stories about animals | | | | | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Idioms taken literally, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/3/) - next →: [Idioms taken literally, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/)