--- title: The small word (the particle) changes everything: "give up" means st… — Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up · tree and pragmatics description: The small word (the particle) changes everything: "give up" means stop trying, but "give in" your homework means hand it in. Who acts: small word, give. A sentence of the lesson «Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/26-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/26-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up/) / 2 # Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up, sentence 2 The small word (the particle) changes everything: "give up" means stop trying, but "give in" your homework means hand it in. **Who acts:** small word, give · **What happens:** change, give up, mean, stop, try, hand in · **To what, where:** everything, word · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small word, give), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:026-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up.lesson:2 # text = The small word (the particle) changes everything: "give up" means stop trying, but "give in" your homework means hand it in. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 026-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 4 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 particle particle NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 8 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 8 obj _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 12 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 acl:relcl _ _ 13 up up ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 15 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _ 16 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 ccomp _ _ 17 trying try VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 xcomp _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 19 but but CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 21 give give NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 22 in in ADP RP _ 21 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 23 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 24 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 homework homework NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 26 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 27 hand hand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 xcomp _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 in in ADP RP _ 27 compound:prt _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | the small word | everything | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Patient | | 2 | **give up** *in a quote* | infinitive | the small word *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **stop** | present | | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **try** | gerund | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **mean** | present | give your homework | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **hand in** *not said to happen* | infinitive | give your homework *not said here* | word | | | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:026-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/26-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up/1/) - next →: [Phrasal verbs: get up, give up, make up, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/26-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/26-phrasal-verbs-get-up-give-up-make-up/)