--- title: Puns hardly ever survive translation, because the two meanings live… — Puns and jokes that need a pun · tree and pragmatics description: Puns hardly ever survive translation, because the two meanings live in one language's words; a translator has to invent a new pun instead. Who acts: Puns, two meanings, translator, one language. A sentence of the lesson «Puns and jokes that need a pun» of the language course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/28-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Puns and jokes that need a pun](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/28-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun/) / 3 # Puns and jokes that need a pun, sentence 3 Puns hardly ever survive translation, because the two meanings live in one language's words; a translator has to invent a new pun instead. **Who acts:** Puns, two meanings, translator, one language · **What happens:** survive, live, have, invent, word · **To what, where:** translation, words, new pun This is a sentence of the lesson «Puns and jokes that need a pun» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Puns, two meanings, translator, one language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:028-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun.lesson:3 # text = Puns hardly ever survive translation, because the two meanings live in one language's words; a translator has to invent a new pun instead. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 028-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Puns pun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 4 advmod _ _ 4 survive survive VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 translation translation NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 meanings meaning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 14 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 's 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 translator translator NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 invent invent VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 pun pun NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 26 instead instead ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **survive** | present | Puns | translation | | | ever | hardly *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme translation=Circumstance | | 2 | **live** | present | the two meanings | | | one language's words | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in word=Location | | 3 | **have** | present | a translator | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **invent** | to-infinitive | a translator *not said here* | a new pun | | | | instead *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pun=Result | | 5 | **word** | | one language | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:028-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Puns and jokes that need a pun, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/28-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun/2/) - next →: [Puns and jokes that need a pun, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/28-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/28-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun/)