--- title: "Could have" said fast sounds like "could of", but the correct writt… — Verbs: doing words and being words · tree and pragmatics description: "Could have" said fast sounds like "could of", but the correct written forms are "could have" or "could've"; the same goes for should have and would have. Who acts: correct written forms, same. A sentence of the lesson «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Verbs: doing words and being words](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/) / 12 # Verbs: doing words and being words, sentence 12 "Could have" said fast sounds like "could of", but the correct written forms are "could have" or "could've"; the same goes for should have and would have. **Who acts:** correct written forms, same · **What happens:** say, sound, write, be, go, have · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (correct written forms, same), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson:12 # text = "Could have" said fast sounds like "could of", but the correct written forms are "could have" or "could've"; the same goes for should have and would have. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 Could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 7 nsubj _ _ 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 acl _ _ 6 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 5 advmod _ _ 7 sounds sound VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 10 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 obl _ _ 11 of of SCONJ IN _ 10 flat _ _ 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 correct correct ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 amod _ _ 18 forms form NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 21 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 23 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 24 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 26 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 've have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:conj|HaikuPos=AUX:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 nsubj _ _ 32 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 33 for for SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 have have VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle | | | | | | fast *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **sound** | present | | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **write** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | could · present | the correct written forms | | | | | have *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **go** | present | the same | | | | | | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **have** | should | the same *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **have** | would | the same *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Verbs: doing words and being words, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/11/) - next →: [Verbs: doing words and being words, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/)