--- title: Play charades: "swimming" is guessed in two seconds, but "think" is… — Verbs: doing words and being words · tree and pragmatics description: Play charades: "swimming" is guessed in two seconds, but "think" is impossible to act, because it happens inside your head; thinking, knowing and believing are still verbs, just invisible ones. Who acts: you, it. A sentence of the lesson «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Verbs: doing words and being words](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/) / 2 # Verbs: doing words and being words, sentence 2 Play charades: "swimming" is guessed in two seconds, but "think" is impossible to act, because it happens inside your head; thinking, knowing and believing are still verbs, just invisible ones. **Who acts:** you, it · **What happens:** play, guess, think, be, act, happen · **To what, where:** charades, swimming, head, verbs · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson:2 # text = Play charades: "swimming" is guessed in two seconds, but "think" is impossible to act, because it happens inside your head; thinking, knowing and believing are still verbs, just invisible ones. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Play play VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 charades charade NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 3 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 5 swimming swimming NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 guessed guess VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 parataxis _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 11 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 15 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 18 impossible impossible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 ccomp _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 act act VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 csubj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 because because SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 happens happen VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 advcl _ _ 25 inside inside ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 thinking think VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 36 nsubj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 knowing know VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 conj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 believing believe VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 conj _ _ 34 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 35 still still ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 verbs verb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 just just ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 39 invisible invisible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:conj 41 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **play** | imperative | you *not said here* | charades | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charade=Theme | | 2 | **guess** | present · passive | | swimming | | | second | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | | | | | | impossible *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **act** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **happen** | present | it | | | your head | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside head=Location | | 7 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **know** | gerund | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 9 | **believe** | gerund | | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 10 | **is a** | present | | verbs | | | still | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Verbs: doing words and being words, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/1/) - next →: [Verbs: doing words and being words, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/)