--- title: Some studies, including research in Britain, found that children who… — Texting, abbreviations and emoji · tree and pragmatics description: Some studies, including research in Britain, found that children who used text abbreviations were not worse at spelling, and some were better; scientists still argue about it. Who acts: studies, children, some, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Texting, abbreviations and emoji](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/) / 13 # Texting, abbreviations and emoji, sentence 13 Some studies, including research in Britain, found that children who used text abbreviations were not worse at spelling, and some were better; scientists still argue about it. **Who acts:** studies, children, some, scientists · **What happens:** find, use, not be, be, argue · **To what, where:** text abbreviations, spelling · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (studies, children, some, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson:13 # text = Some studies, including research in Britain, found that children who used text abbreviations were not worse at spelling, and some were better; scientists still argue about it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 studies study NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 4 including include ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 research research NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 9 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 11 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 12 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 text text NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 15 abbreviations abbreviation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 18 worse bad ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 9 ccomp _ _ 19 at at ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 spelling spelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=18:punct 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 25 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Ind 24 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 18 conj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 27 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 28 still still ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 argue argue VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 30 about about ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | past | some studies | | | | | include research in Britain | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **use** | past | children | text abbreviations | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abbreviation=Patient | | 3 | **not** **is** | past | children | | | spelling | | bad *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | past | some | | | | | good *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | infinitive | scientists | | | | still | about spelling | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about it=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Texting, abbreviations and emoji, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/12/) - next →: [How babies learn to talk, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/)