---
title: Emoticons are faces made from keyboard characters, like :-) and :-(… — Texting, abbreviations and emoji · tree and pragmatics
description: Emoticons are faces made from keyboard characters, like :-) and :-( ; the computer scientist Scott Fahlman suggested them in 1982. Who acts: computer scientist. A sentence of the lesson «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Texting, abbreviations and emoji, sentence 8

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Emoticons are faces made from keyboard characters, like :-) and :-( ; the computer scientist Scott Fahlman suggested them in 1982.

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**Who acts:** computer scientist · **What happens:** be, suggest · **To what, where:** faces, keyboard characters, Emoticons, 1982

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (computer scientist), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson:8
# text = Emoticons are faces made from keyboard characters, like :-) and :-( ; the computer scientist Scott Fahlman suggested them in 1982.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Emoticons	emoticon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	keyboard	keyboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
9	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	-	-	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	23	case	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	Scott	Scott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
22	Fahlman	Fahlman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
23	suggested	suggest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	1982	1982	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  | faces *not said here* |  | keyboard characters |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | past | the computer scientist | Emoticons *= emoticon* |  | 1982 |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Texting, abbreviations and emoji, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/7/)
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