--- title: At about six months Baby Leo says "ba-ba-ba" and "da-da-da" and his… — How babies learn to talk · tree and pragmatics description: At about six months Baby Leo says "ba-ba-ba" and "da-da-da" and his dad cries "He said Dad!"; really Leo is practising sounds, like a musician playing scales, and real first words usually come around the first birthday. Who acts: Baby, dad, Leo, musician. A sentence of the lesson «How babies learn t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [How babies learn to talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/) / 1 # How babies learn to talk, sentence 1 At about six months Baby Leo says "ba-ba-ba" and "da-da-da" and his dad cries "He said Dad!"; really Leo is practising sounds, like a musician playing scales, and real first words usually come around the first birthday. **Who acts:** Baby, dad, Leo, musician, real first words · **What happens:** say, cry, practise, play, come · **To what, where:** ba ba ba, Dad, sounds, scales, first birthday · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Baby, dad, Leo, musician), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:1 # text = At about six months Baby Leo says "ba-ba-ba" and "da-da-da" and his dad cries "He said Dad!"; really Leo is practising sounds, like a musician playing scales, and real first words usually come around the first birthday. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 At at ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 about about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 six six NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 5 Baby Baby PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 6 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 9 ba ba NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 10 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 11 ba ba NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct 13 ba ba NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 17 da da NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 17 punct _ _ 19 da da NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 21 da da NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 dad dad NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 cries cry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 27 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 28 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:parataxis 30 Dad Dad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:nsubj 31 ! ! PUNCT . _ 30 punct _ _ 32 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 34 really really ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 35 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 practising practise VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 38 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 like like ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 musician musician NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:appos 43 playing play VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 42 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=44:amod 44 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:nmod 45 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 47 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 48 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 49 amod _ _ 49 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 nsubj _ _ 50 usually usually ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 51 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 52 around around ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 54 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 55 amod _ _ 55 birthday birthday NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obl _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Baby | ba ba ba and da da da | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ba=Topic | | 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | his dad | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | dad | Dad | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent dad=Topic | | 4 | **practise** | present · progressive | Leo | sounds | | | | like a musician | tree rules | | 5 | **play** | gerund | a musician *not said here* | scales | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scale=Theme | | 6 | **come** | present | real first words | | | the first birthday | | usually *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme around birthday=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How babies learn to talk, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/0/) - next →: [How babies learn to talk, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/)