--- title: In 1958 the scientist Jean Berko Gleason made the "wug test": childr… — How babies learn to talk · tree and pragmatics description: In 1958 the scientist Jean Berko Gleason made the "wug test": children who had never heard "wug" still said "two wugs", which showed they know rules, not just copied words. Who acts: scientist, children, two wugs. A sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [How babies learn to talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/) / 10 # How babies learn to talk, sentence 10 In 1958 the scientist Jean Berko Gleason made the "wug test": children who had never heard "wug" still said "two wugs", which showed they know rules, not just copied words. **Who acts:** scientist, children, two wugs · **What happens:** make, not hear, say, show, know, not copy · **To what, where:** wug test, 1958, wug, two wugs, rules · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientist, children, two wugs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:10 # text = In 1958 the scientist Jean Berko Gleason made the "wug test": children who had never heard "wug" still said "two wugs", which showed they know rules, not just copied words. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1958 1958 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 obl _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 scientist scientist NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:appos 5 Jean Jean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 6 Berko Berko PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 Gleason Gleason PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 8 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 11 wug wug NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 15 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 16 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 19 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 15 acl:relcl _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 21 wug wug NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ _ 23 still still ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 25 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 26 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 27 nummod _ _ 27 wugs wug NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:ccomp 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 acl:relcl _ _ 32 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 34 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 37 just just ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:advmod 38 copied copy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 amod _ _ 39 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | the scientist | the wug test | | 1958 | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset test=Product | | 2 | **not** **hear** | past · perfect | children | wug | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer wug=Stimulus | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | children | two wugs | | | still | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent wug=Topic | | 4 | **show** | past | two wugs | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **know** | present | Children *= child* | rules and copied words | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus | | 6 | **not** **copy** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How babies learn to talk, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/9/) - next →: [How babies learn to talk, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/)