--- title: When children use a rule on words that don't follow it, like "runned… — How babies learn to talk · tree and pragmatics description: When children use a rule on words that don't follow it, like "runned" and "falled", it is called overregularisation; it shows they are learning rules. Who acts: children, words, it. A sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependenc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [How babies learn to talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/) / 9 # How babies learn to talk, sentence 9 When children use a rule on words that don't follow it, like "runned" and "falled", it is called overregularisation; it shows they are learning rules. **Who acts:** children, words, it · **What happens:** use, not follow, runn, falled, call, show · **To what, where:** rule, words, word, rules · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, words, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:9 # text = When children use a rule on words that don't follow it, like "runned" and "falled", it is called overregularisation; it shows they are learning rules. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 3 advmod _ _ 2 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 rule rule NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 9 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 follow follow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 acl:relcl _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 like like ADP IN _ 16 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ _ 16 runned runn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis 17 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 falled falled VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 parataxis _ _ 26 overregularisation overregularisation NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 learning learn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 ccomp _ _ 33 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | children | a rule | | words | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient | | 2 | **not** **follow** | present · do-support | words | word | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 3 | **runn** *in a quote* | past | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **falled** *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | word | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 6 | **show** | present | it | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **learn** | present · progressive | Children *= child* | rules | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How babies learn to talk, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/8/) - next →: [How babies learn to talk, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/)