--- title: Ukrainian and English are distant cousins in the same huge language… — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: Ukrainian and English are distant cousins in the same huge language family, but they solve the same jobs in different ways, like two cooks making soup from different recipes. Who acts: Ukrainian, different ways. A sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mov --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Ukrainian compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/) / 0 # Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 0 Ukrainian and English are distant cousins in the same huge language family, but they solve the same jobs in different ways, like two cooks making soup from different recipes. **Who acts:** Ukrainian, different ways · **What happens:** be, solve, make · **To what, where:** distant cousins, same huge language family, same jobs, different ways, soup, different recipes This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, different ways), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:0 # text = Ukrainian and English are distant cousins in the same huge language family, but they solve the same jobs in different ways, like two cooks making soup from different recipes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 distant distant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 9 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 10 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 solve solve VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 jobs job NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nmod 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 like like ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 cooks cook NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 27 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 acl _ _ 28 soup soup NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 recipes recipe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Ukrainian and English | distant cousins | | the same huge language family | | | tree rules | | 2 | **solve** | present | Ukrainian | the same jobs | | different ways and two cooks | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Topic | | 3 | **make** | gerund | different ways and two cooks *not said here* | soup | | different recipes | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset soup=Product from recipe=Material | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sign language, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/32-sign-language/15/) - next →: [Ukrainian compared with English, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/)