--- title: Ukrainian has two words for "you": "ти" for friends and family, and… — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: Ukrainian has two words for "you": "ти" for friends and family, and "ви" for teachers, strangers or several people; old English had "thou" and "you" in a similar way. Who acts: Ukrainian, old English. A sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Ukrainian compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/) / 11 # Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 11 Ukrainian has two words for "you": "ти" for friends and family, and "ви" for teachers, strangers or several people; old English had "thou" and "you" in a similar way. **Who acts:** Ukrainian, old English · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** two words, thou, similar way This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, old English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:11 # text = Ukrainian has two words for "you": "ти" for friends and family, and "ви" for teachers, strangers or several people; old English had "thou" and "you" in a similar way. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 7 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod _ _ 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct 9 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 11 ти ти NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 ви ви NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 appos _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 for for ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 teachers teacher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 strangers stranger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 26 or or CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 34 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 38 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 conj _ _ 39 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct 40 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 42 similar similar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Ukrainian | two words | | | | for you | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | | 2 | **have** | past | old English | thou | | a similar way | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukrainian compared with English, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/10/) - next →: [Ukrainian compared with English, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/)