--- title: Ukrainian nouns have grammatical gender, a grammar label, not boy or… — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: Ukrainian nouns have grammatical gender, a grammar label, not boy or girl: "стіл" (table) is masculine, "книга" (book) feminine, "вікно" (window) neuter. Who acts: Ukrainian nouns, стіл. A sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Ukrainian compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/) / 13 # Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 13 Ukrainian nouns have grammatical gender, a grammar label, not boy or girl: "стіл" (table) is masculine, "книга" (book) feminine, "вікно" (window) neuter. **Who acts:** Ukrainian nouns, стіл · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** grammatical gender This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian nouns, стіл), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:13 # text = Ukrainian nouns have grammatical gender, a grammar label, not boy or girl: "стіл" (table) is masculine, "книга" (book) feminine, "вікно" (window) neuter. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 nouns noun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 grammatical grammatical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 gender gender NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 grammar grammar NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 label label NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 17 стіл стіл NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 17 punct _ _ 19 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 20 table table NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 masculine masculine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 " " PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 26 книга книга NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 appos _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 28 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 29 punct _ _ 29 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:compound 30 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 29 punct _ _ 31 feminine feminine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 34 вікно вікно NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 37 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 38 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 39 neuter neuter NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Ukrainian nouns | grammatical gender and a grammar label and boy or girl | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gender=Patient | | 2 | **is** | present | стіл | | | | | masculine *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | стіл *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukrainian compared with English, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/12/) - next →: [Ukrainian compared with English, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/)