--- title: Ukrainian nouns change their endings to show their job in the senten… — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: Ukrainian nouns change their endings to show their job in the sentence: "мама" (mum), "мами" (of mum), "мамі" (to mum), "маму" (mum, as the object), "мамою" (with mum), "на мамі" (on mum), "мамо!" (calling Mum); these forms are called cases, and Ukrainian has seven. Who acts: Ukrainian nouns, Mum, U --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Ukrainian compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/) / 7 # Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 7 Ukrainian nouns change their endings to show their job in the sentence: "мама" (mum), "мами" (of mum), "мамі" (to mum), "маму" (mum, as the object), "мамою" (with mum), "на мамі" (on mum), "мамо!" (calling Mum); these forms are called cases, and Ukrainian has seven. **Who acts:** Ukrainian nouns, Mum, Ukrainian, nouns · **What happens:** change, show, call, have, end, job · **To what, where:** endings, job, forms, seven · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian nouns, Mum, Ukrainian, nouns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:7 # text = Ukrainian nouns change their endings to show their job in the sentence: "мама" (mum), "мами" (of mum), "мамі" (to mum), "маму" (mum, as the object), "мамою" (with mum), "на мамі" (on mum), "мамо!" (calling Mum); these forms are called cases, and Ukrainian has seven. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×7, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 nouns noun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 endings ending NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 job job NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 sentence sentence NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 15 мама мама NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 appos _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 17 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 18 mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 19 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 22 мами мами NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:appos 23 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 24 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:appos 27 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 мамі мамі NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:appos 31 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 32 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:mark|HaikuPos=PART:TO:_ 34 mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:appos 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 38 маму маму NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:appos 39 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 40 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 41 punct _ _ 41 mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 as as ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:conj 46 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 41 punct _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 " " PUNCT `` _ 49 punct _ _ 49 мамою мамою NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:appos 50 " " PUNCT '' _ 49 punct _ _ 51 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 53 punct _ _ 52 with with ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:appos 54 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 53 punct _ _ 55 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 56 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 57 на на ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 58 мамі мамі NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 59 " " PUNCT '' _ 58 punct _ _ 60 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 62 punct _ _ 61 on on ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 62 mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 appos _ _ 63 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 62 punct _ _ 64 , , PUNCT , _ 66 punct _ _ 65 " " PUNCT '' _ 66 punct _ _ 66 мамо мамо NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 67 ! ! PUNCT . _ 66 punct _ _ 68 " " PUNCT '' _ 66 punct _ _ 69 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 70 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=71:punct 70 calling call VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 71 acl _ _ 71 Mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 appos _ _ 72 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 71 punct _ _ 73 ; ; PUNCT : _ 77 punct _ _ 74 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 75 det _ _ 75 forms form NOUN NNS Number=Plur 77 nsubj:pass _ _ 76 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 77 aux:pass _ _ 77 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 78 cases case NOUN NNS Number=Plur 77 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=77:obj 79 , , PUNCT , _ 82 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=77:punct 80 and and CCONJ CC _ 82 cc _ _ 81 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 82 nsubj _ _ 82 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 77 conj _ _ 83 seven seven NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 82 obj _ _ 84 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, polarity=none, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | Ukrainian nouns | nouns's endings | | | | мамо *obl* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient | | 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | Ukrainian nouns *not said here* | nouns's job | | | | in the sentence | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent job=Patient in sentence=Topic | | 3 | **call** | gerund | Mum *not said here* | | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **call** | present · passive | | this forms | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 5 | **have** | present | Ukrainian | seven | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seven=Patient | | 6 | **end** | | nouns *= noun* | | | | | | nom ending «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 7 | **job** | | nouns *= noun* | | | | | | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×7, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukrainian compared with English, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/6/) - next →: [Ukrainian compared with English, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/)