--- title: The calling form is called the vocative: "Мамо!", "Тарасе!" for Tara… — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: The calling form is called the vocative: "Мамо!", "Тарасе!" for Taras, "Олено!" for Olena; Old English had a calling form too but lost it. Who acts: Old English. A sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Ukrainian compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/) / 9 # Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 9 The calling form is called the vocative: "Мамо!", "Тарасе!" for Taras, "Олено!" for Olena; Old English had a calling form too but lost it. **Who acts:** Old English · **What happens:** call, have, lose · **To what, where:** calling form, vocative · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:9 # text = The calling form is called the vocative: "Мамо!", "Тарасе!" for Taras, "Олено!" for Olena; Old English had a calling form too but lost it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 calling calling NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 vocative vocative NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 xcomp _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 10 Мамо Мамо PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 appos _ _ 11 ! ! PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 15 Тарасе Тарасе PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:xcomp 16 ! ! PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ 17 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 18 for for ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 Taras Taras PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 22 Олено Олено PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 appos _ _ 23 ! ! PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Olena Olena PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 28 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 calling calling NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 34 too too ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 35 but but CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, polarity=none, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | the calling form | | | | for Taras for Olena | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for taras=Beneficiary | | 2 | **have** | past | Old English | a calling form | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient | | 3 | **lose** | past | Old English *not said here* | vocative | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukrainian compared with English, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/8/) - next →: [Ukrainian compared with English, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/)