--- title: Mandarin has many four-character idioms called chéngyǔ, like "人山人海",… — Mandarin compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: Mandarin has many four-character idioms called chéngyǔ, like "人山人海", "people mountain people sea", meaning a huge crowd. Who acts: Mandarin, many character idioms, people. A sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Mandarin compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/) / 12 # Mandarin compared with English, sentence 12 Mandarin has many four-character idioms called chéngyǔ, like "人山人海", "people mountain people sea", meaning a huge crowd. **Who acts:** Mandarin, many character idioms, people · **What happens:** have, call, mountain, mean · **To what, where:** many character idioms, chéngyǔ, people sea, huge crowd · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin, many character idioms, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:12 # text = Mandarin has many four-character idioms called chéngyǔ, like "人山人海", "people mountain people sea", meaning a huge crowd. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 4 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 6 character character NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 idioms idiom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 8 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 chéngyǔ chéngyǔ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 xcomp _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 13 人山人海 人山人海 NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 17 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 mountain mountain VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 19 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 compound _ _ 20 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 meaning mean VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 advcl _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 crowd crowd NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Mandarin | many character idioms | | | | like 人山人海 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idiom=Patient | | 2 | **call** *speech: assert* | participle | many character idioms *not said here* | chéngyǔ | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **mountain** *in a quote* | present | people | people sea | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **mean** | gerund | Mandarin *not said here* | a huge crowd | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crowd=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mandarin compared with English, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/11/) - next →: [Mandarin compared with English, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/)