--- title: Some say "long time no see" is a word-for-word copy of Chinese "好久不见… — Mandarin compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: Some say "long time no see" is a word-for-word copy of Chinese "好久不见"; others link it to a different source, and the origin is still argued about. Who acts: Some, time no see, others. A sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Mandarin compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/) / 14 # Mandarin compared with English, sentence 14 Some say "long time no see" is a word-for-word copy of Chinese "好久不见"; others link it to a different source, and the origin is still argued about. **Who acts:** Some, time no see, others · **What happens:** say, be, link, argue, copy · **To what, where:** word, see, origin, Chinese 好久不见 · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, time no see, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:14 # text = Some say "long time no see" is a word-for-word copy of Chinese "好久不见"; others link it to a different source, and the origin is still argued about. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 nsubj _ _ 2 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 4 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 6 no no NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 see see NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:det 11 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ _ 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ _ 15 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 copy copy NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 appos _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 好久不见 好久不见 NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 link link VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 source source NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 origin origin NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 35 still still ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 argued argue VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 conj _ _ 37 about about ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Some | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | time no see | word | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **link** | present | others | see | | | | to a different source | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient to source=Co-Patient | | 4 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present · passive | | the origin | | | still | about *property* | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic | | 5 | **copy** | | | Chinese 好久不见 | | | | | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mandarin compared with English, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/13/) - next →: [Mandarin compared with English, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/)