--- title: It is written with thousands of characters instead of an alphabet, s… — Mandarin compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: It is written with thousands of characters instead of an alphabet, so learners use pinyin, Chinese sounds written in Latin letters with tone marks, to help them along. Who acts: learners. A sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Mandarin compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/) / 3 # Mandarin compared with English, sentence 3 It is written with thousands of characters instead of an alphabet, so learners use pinyin, Chinese sounds written in Latin letters with tone marks, to help them along. **Who acts:** learners · **What happens:** write, use, help · **To what, where:** work, pinyin, Chinese sounds, Latin letters, learners This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (learners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:3 # text = It is written with thousands of characters instead of an alphabet, so learners use pinyin, Chinese sounds written in Latin letters with tone marks, to help them along. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 characters character NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=ADP 11 case _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 alphabet alphabet NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 14 learners learner NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 16 pinyin pinyin NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 appos _ _ 20 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 acl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 Latin Latin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 tone tone NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:nmod 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ _ 30 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 along along ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **write** | present · passive | | work | | | | with thousands of characters; instead a alphabet | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **use** | present | learners | pinyin | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pinyin=Patient | | 3 | **write** | participle | | Chinese sounds *not said here* | | Latin letters | | with tone marks | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in letter=Destination | | 4 | **help** | to-infinitive | learners *not said here* | learners *= learner* | | | | along *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mandarin compared with English, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/2/) - next →: [Mandarin compared with English, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/)