--- title: "Mā" (high, flat) means mother, "má" (rising) means hemp, "mǎ" (dipp… — Mandarin compared with English · tree and pragmatics description: "Mā" (high, flat) means mother, "má" (rising) means hemp, "mǎ" (dipping) means horse and "mà" (falling) means scold. Who acts: Mā, má, mǎ, falling. A sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Mandarin compared with English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/) / 5 # Mandarin compared with English, sentence 5 "Mā" (high, flat) means mother, "má" (rising) means hemp, "mǎ" (dipping) means horse and "mà" (falling) means scold. **Who acts:** Mā, má, mǎ, falling · **What happens:** mean, dip · **To what, where:** mother, hemp, horse, scold · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mā, má, mǎ, falling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:5 # text = "Mā" (high, flat) means mother, "má" (rising) means hemp, "mǎ" (dipping) means horse and "mà" (falling) means scold. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Mā Mā PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 7 punct _ _ 5 high hi INTJ UH _ 7 discourse _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 7 punct _ _ 9 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 13 má má NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 16 rising rising NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 18 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 19 hemp hemp NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 22 mǎ mǎ NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 23 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 24 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 25 dipping dip VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 csubj _ _ 26 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 27 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 28 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 31 mà mà NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 32 " " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 33 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 34 falling falling NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 36 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 parataxis _ _ 37 scold scold NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Mā | mother | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Topic | | 2 | **mean** | present | má | hemp | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hemp=Topic | | 3 | **dip** | gerund | | | | | | | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **mean** | present | mǎ | horse and mà | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Topic | | 5 | **mean** | present | falling | scold | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scold=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mandarin compared with English, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/4/) - next →: [Mandarin compared with English, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/)