---
title: Pinyin writes Chinese sounds with Latin letters and tone marks; it h… — Mandarin compared with English · tree and pragmatics
description: Pinyin writes Chinese sounds with Latin letters and tone marks; it helps learners with pronunciation. Who acts: Pinyin, writing. A sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Mandarin compared with English, sentence 8

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Pinyin writes Chinese sounds with Latin letters and tone marks; it helps learners with pronunciation.

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**Who acts:** Pinyin, writing · **What happens:** write, help · **To what, where:** Chinese sounds, learners

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pinyin, writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:8
# text = Pinyin writes Chinese sounds with Latin letters and tone marks; it helps learners with pronunciation.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Pinyin	pinyin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
2	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
14	learners	learner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | Pinyin | Chinese sounds |  |  |  | with Latin letters and tone marks | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | present | writing | learners |  |  |  | with pronunciation | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent learner=Beneficiary with pronunciation=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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