--- title: In the active voice the doer comes first: "The cat chased the mouse"… — Grammar puzzles, part two · tree and pragmatics description: In the active voice the doer comes first: "The cat chased the mouse"; in the passive voice the thing the action is done to comes first, and "by" shows the doer: "The mouse was chased by the cat". Who acts: doer, cat, thing. A sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part two» of the language course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Grammar puzzles, part two](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/) / 5 # Grammar puzzles, part two, sentence 5 In the active voice the doer comes first: "The cat chased the mouse"; in the passive voice the thing the action is done to comes first, and "by" shows the doer: "The mouse was chased by the cat". **Who acts:** doer, cat, thing · **What happens:** come, chase, do to, show · **To what, where:** active voice, mouse, action, passive voice, doer · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part two» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doer, cat, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:036-grammar-puzzles-part-two.lesson:5 # text = In the active voice the doer comes first: "The cat chased the mouse"; in the passive voice the thing the action is done to comes first, and "by" shows the doer: "The mouse was chased by the cat". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 036-grammar-puzzles-part-two.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 active active ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 doer doer NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 7 advmod _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 11 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 chased chase VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 mouse mouse NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 passive passive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl:relcl _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 27 compound:prt _ _ 29 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 30 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 29 advmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 34 by by SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 doer doer NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 : : PUNCT : _ 44 punct _ _ 40 " " PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ _ 41 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 mouse mouse NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj:pass _ _ 43 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux:pass _ _ 44 chased chase VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 acl:relcl _ _ 45 by by ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 48 " " PUNCT '' _ 44 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=47:punct 49 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | the doer | | | the active voice | | first *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location | | 2 | **chase** *in a quote* | past | the cat | the mouse | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme | | 3 | **do to** | present · passive | the thing *not said here* | the action | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | | 4 | **come** | present | the thing | | | the passive voice | | first *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location | | 5 | **show** | present | the doer *not said here* | the doer | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent doer=Recipient | | 6 | **chase** *in a quote* | past · passive | the cat | the mouse | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:036-grammar-puzzles-part-two.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Grammar puzzles, part two, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/4/) - next →: [Grammar puzzles, part two, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/)