--- title: Ruby's teacher writes "unhappiness" on the board; Ruby spots three c… — Building words: prefixes, suffixes and compounds · tree and pragmatics description: Ruby's teacher writes "unhappiness" on the board; Ruby spots three carriages: "un-" (not), "happy" (the root, with its y turned to i) and "-ness" (which turns it into a naming word). Who acts: teacher, Ruby, y. A sentence of the lesson «Building words: prefixes, suffixes and compounds» of the langua --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/37-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Building words: prefixes, suffixes and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/37-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds/) / 1 # Building words: prefixes, suffixes and compounds, sentence 1 Ruby's teacher writes "unhappiness" on the board; Ruby spots three carriages: "un-" (not), "happy" (the root, with its y turned to i) and "-ness" (which turns it into a naming word). **Who acts:** teacher, Ruby, y · **What happens:** write, spot, turn · **To what, where:** unhappiness, board, three carriages, root, i, ness This is a sentence of the lesson «Building words: prefixes, suffixes and compounds» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teacher, Ruby, y), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:037-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds.lesson:1 # text = Ruby's teacher writes "unhappiness" on the board; Ruby spots three carriages: "un-" (not), "happy" (the root, with its y turned to i) and "-ness" (which turns it into a naming word). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 037-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod:poss _ _ 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 writes write VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 unhappiness unhappiness NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 8 on on ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 board board NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 12 Ruby ruby PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 spots spot VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 14 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 carriages carriage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 18 un un NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 19 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 21 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:advmod 23 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 22 punct _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 " " PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 26 happy happy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 appos _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 28 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 30 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 root root NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 appos _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 with with SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 y y NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 to to ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 i I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ _ 38 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 40 " " PUNCT `` _ 42 punct _ _ 41 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 42 punct _ _ 42 ness ness NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 43 " " PUNCT '' _ 42 punct _ _ 44 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 46 punct _ _ 45 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 nsubj _ _ 46 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 47 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 obj _ _ 48 into into ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 50 naming naming NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 compound _ _ 51 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 52 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 46 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=51:punct 53 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **write** | present | Ruby's teacher | unhappiness | | the board | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent unhappiness=Theme on board=Destination | | 2 | **spot** | present | Ruby | three carriages | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent carriage=Destination | | 3 | **turn** | participle | teacher's y | the root *not said here* | i | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent root=Theme to i=Result | | 4 | **turn** | present | | ness | | a naming word | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into word=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:037-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Building words: prefixes, suffixes and…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/37-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds/0/) - next →: [Building words: prefixes, suffixes and…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/37-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/37-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds/)