--- title: Old English "dēor" meant any wild animal, like German "Tier" (animal… — Words that changed their meaning · tree and pragmatics description: Old English "dēor" meant any wild animal, like German "Tier" (animal) today; it narrowed to one kind of animal, the deer, and "hound" once meant any dog, like German "Hund". Who acts: Old English dēor, dēor, hound. A sentence of the lesson «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Words that changed their meaning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/) / 8 # Words that changed their meaning, sentence 8 Old English "dēor" meant any wild animal, like German "Tier" (animal) today; it narrowed to one kind of animal, the deer, and "hound" once meant any dog, like German "Hund". **Who acts:** Old English dēor, dēor, hound · **What happens:** mean, narrow · **To what, where:** wild animal, dog This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old English dēor, dēor, hound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson:8 # text = Old English "dēor" meant any wild animal, like German "Tier" (animal) today; it narrowed to one kind of animal, the deer, and "hound" once meant any dog, like German "Hund". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 2 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 4 dēor dēor NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 5 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 6 meant mean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 9 det _ _ 8 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 11 like like ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 German German ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ _ 14 Tier Tier PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 16 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 17 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 19 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl:unmarked _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 narrowed narrow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 25 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 deer deer NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 34 hound hound NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 37 advmod _ _ 37 meant mean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:advcl 38 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 39 det _ _ 39 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 like like ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 42 German German ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 43 " " PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ _ 44 Hund Hund PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 45 " " PUNCT '' _ 44 punct _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | past | Old English dēor | any wild animal | | | today | like German Tier | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Topic | | 2 | **narrow** | past | dēor | | | | | to one kind of animal the deer | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **mean** | past | hound | any dog | | | | like German Hund; once *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Words that changed their meaning, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/7/) - next →: [Words that changed their meaning, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/)