---
title: Old English "sæd" meant full, as after a big meal; it later came to… — Words that changed their meaning · tree and pragmatics
description: Old English "sæd" meant full, as after a big meal; it later came to mean heavy and serious, and then unhappy. Who acts: Old English sæd, sæd. A sentence of the lesson «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Words that changed their meaning, sentence 9

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Old English "sæd" meant full, as after a big meal; it later came to mean heavy and serious, and then unhappy.

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**Who acts:** Old English sæd, sæd · **What happens:** mean, come

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old English sæd, sæd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson:9
# text = Old English "sæd" meant full, as after a big meal; it later came to mean heavy and serious, and then unhappy.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct
4	sæd	sæd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advcl
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Old English sæd |  |  |  |  | as a big meal; full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as meal=Attribute |
| 2 | **come** | past | sæd |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | to-infinitive | sæd *not said here* |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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