---
title: Ukrainian has seven cases; the vocative is the case for calling some… — The big language quiz · tree and pragmatics
description: Ukrainian has seven cases; the vocative is the case for calling someone, so you call your mum "Мамо!". Who acts: Ukrainian, vocative, case, you. A sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# The big language quiz, sentence 13

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Ukrainian has seven cases; the vocative is the case for calling someone, so you call your mum "Мамо!".

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**Who acts:** Ukrainian, vocative, case, you · **What happens:** have, be, call · **To what, where:** seven cases, case, someone, mum · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, vocative, case, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:13
# text = Ukrainian has seven cases; the vocative is the case for calling someone, so you call your mum "Мамо!".
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vocative	vocative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_
21	Мамо	Мамо	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	_
22	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ukrainian | seven cases |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the vocative | the case |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | gerund | the case *not said here* |  | someone |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |
| 4 | **call** | present | you |  | your mum |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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