--- title: Languages keep changing, borrowing and playing, so the best language… — The big language quiz · tree and pragmatics description: Languages keep changing, borrowing and playing, so the best language skill is curiosity: notice odd words, ask what they mean and enjoy how people talk. Who acts: Languages, best language skill, language, people. A sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/40-the-big-language-quiz/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [The big language quiz](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/40-the-big-language-quiz/) / 3 # The big language quiz, sentence 3 Languages keep changing, borrowing and playing, so the best language skill is curiosity: notice odd words, ask what they mean and enjoy how people talk. **Who acts:** Languages, best language skill, language, people · **What happens:** keep, change, borrow, play, be, notice · **To what, where:** curiosity, odd words · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Languages, best language skill, language, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:3 # text = Languages keep changing, borrowing and playing, so the best language skill is curiosity: notice odd words, ask what they mean and enjoy how people talk. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 changing change VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 xcomp _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 borrowing borrow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 playing play VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=5:conj 8 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 9 so so ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 11 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 13 amod _ _ 12 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 skill skill NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 curiosity curiosity NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 17 notice notice VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:conj 18 odd odd ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 21 ask ask VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 22 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 24 obj _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 ccomp _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 enjoy enjoy VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 27 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 28 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 talk talk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 advcl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present | Languages | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **change** | gerund | Languages *not said here* | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **borrow** | gerund | Languages *not said here* | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **play** | gerund | Languages *not said here* | | | | | | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is a** | present | the best language skill | curiosity | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **notice** | infinitive | | odd words | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | | 7 | **ask** *speech: ask* | infinitive | | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **mean** | present | language | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic | | 9 | **enjoy** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 10 | **talk** | present | people | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The big language quiz, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/40-the-big-language-quiz/2/) - next →: [The big language quiz, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/40-the-big-language-quiz/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/40-the-big-language-quiz/)