---
title: Some verbs have irregular past tenses: bring becomes brought, catch… — The big language quiz · tree and pragmatics
description: Some verbs have irregular past tenses: bring becomes brought, catch becomes caught, and swim becomes swam. Who acts: verbs. A sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The big language quiz, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some verbs have irregular past tenses: bring becomes brought, catch becomes caught, and swim becomes swam.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** verbs · **What happens:** have, bring, catch, swim, become · **To what, where:** irregular past tenses, catch, swam

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (verbs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:7
# text = Some verbs have irregular past tenses: bring becomes brought, catch becomes caught, and swim becomes swam.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tenses	tense	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	catch	catch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
19	swam	swam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some verbs | irregular past tenses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tense=Patient |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive | some verbs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring** | present · passive | some verbs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together» |
| 4 | **catch** | present · passive |  | catch |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **swim** | present | some verbs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **become** | present | some verbs *not said here* | swam |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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