--- title: Whom is the old object form of who, like him for he; it is now mostl… — Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who · tree and pragmatics description: Whom is the old object form of who, like him for he; it is now mostly used in formal writing, especially after a word like "to" ("to whom"). A sentence of the lesson «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/) / 18 # Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who, sentence 18 Whom is the old object form of who, like him for he; it is now mostly used in formal writing, especially after a word like "to" ("to whom"). **What happens:** be, use · **To what, where:** old object form, gender, formal writing This is a sentence of the lesson «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:005-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who.lesson:18 # text = Whom is the old object form of who, like him for he; it is now mostly used in formal writing, especially after a word like "to" ("to whom"). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 005-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 4 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 like like ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 appos _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:obl 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 17 now now ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 18 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 formal formal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 especially especially ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 25 after after ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 28 like like ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 30 to to PART TO _ 27 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:appos 31 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 32 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 34 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nmod _ _ 36 " " PUNCT '' _ 35 punct _ _ 37 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | | the old object form | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **use** | present · passive | | gender | | formal writing | after a word; now | mostly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:005-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/17/) - next →: [Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/)