---
title: «Not unhappy» is happy; «no small thing» is a big thing; «not a mill… — Not unhappy and not half: litotes · tree and pragmatics
description: «Not unhappy» is happy; «no small thing» is a big thing; «not a million miles away» is close. Who acts: unhappy, small thing, million miles. A sentence of the lesson «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Not unhappy and not half: litotes, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Not unhappy» is happy; «no small thing» is a big thing; «not a million miles away» is close.

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**Who acts:** unhappy, small thing, million miles · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** big thing

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (unhappy, small thing, million miles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:050-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes.lesson:5
# text = «Not unhappy» is happy; «no small thing» is a big thing; «not a million miles away» is close.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 050-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	away	away	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | unhappy |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | no small thing | a big thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | million miles |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:050-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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