--- title: Hyperbole makes things BIGGER («we'll be here till we're ninety»), u… — Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side · tree and pragmatics description: Hyperbole makes things BIGGER («we'll be here till we're ninety»), understatement makes them SMALLER («bit of a wait, eh»), and sarcasm says the OPPOSITE («oh brilliant, I LOVE standing in the rain»). Who acts: Hyperbole, we, understatement, sarcasm. A sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm, hyperbole and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/) / 1 # Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side, sentence 1 Hyperbole makes things BIGGER («we'll be here till we're ninety»), understatement makes them SMALLER («bit of a wait, eh»), and sarcasm says the OPPOSITE («oh brilliant, I LOVE standing in the rain»). **Who acts:** Hyperbole, we, understatement, sarcasm · **What happens:** make, be, say, love, stand · **To what, where:** things, ninety, OPPOSITE, rain · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hyperbole, we, understatement, sarcasm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson:1 # text = Hyperbole makes things BIGGER («we'll be here till we're ninety»), understatement makes them SMALLER («bit of a wait, eh»), and sarcasm says the OPPOSITE («oh brilliant, I LOVE standing in the rain»). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Hyperbole hyperbole NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 BIGGER big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 xcomp _ _ 5 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 10 punct _ _ 6 « « PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 7 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 8 'll will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 10 cop _ _ 10 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 parataxis _ _ 11 till till SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 12 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 're be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 ninety ninety NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 advcl _ _ 15 » » PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 16 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 10 punct _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 understatement understatement NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 SMALLER small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 xcomp _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 23 « « PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 24 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 ccomp _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 wait wait NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 29 eh eh INTJ UH _ 24 discourse _ _ 30 » » PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 31 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 OPPOSITE opposite NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 41 punct _ _ 39 « « PUNCT `` _ 41 punct _ _ 40 oh oh INTJ UH _ 41 discourse _ _ 41 brilliant brilliant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 appos _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 LOVE love VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 parataxis _ _ 45 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 44 xcomp _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 49 » » PUNCT '' _ 45 punct _ _ 50 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 41 punct _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | Hyperbole | things | | | | big *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | future | we | | | | | here *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | we | ninety | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **make** | present | understatement | things *= thing* | | | | small *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | sarcasm | the OPPOSITE | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic | | 6 | **love** *in a quote* | present | sarcasm | | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 7 | **stand** *not said to happen, in a quote* | gerund | sarcasm *not said here* | | | the rain | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in rain=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/0/) - next →: [Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/)