--- title: To tell them apart, put the words next to the facts and ask: is it t… — Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side · tree and pragmatics description: To tell them apart, put the words next to the facts and ask: is it the opposite of the truth (sarcasm), bigger than the truth (hyperbole) or smaller than the truth (understatement)? Who acts: you, bit. A sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language cour --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/) / 4 # Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side, sentence 4 To tell them apart, put the words next to the facts and ask: is it the opposite of the truth (sarcasm), bigger than the truth (hyperbole) or smaller than the truth (understatement)? **Who acts:** you, bit · **What happens:** tell, put, ask, be · **To what, where:** kinds, words, opposite · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson:4 # text = To tell them apart, put the words next to the facts and ask: is it the opposite of the truth (sarcasm), bigger than the truth (hyperbole) or smaller than the truth (understatement)? # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 tell tell VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 3 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _ 4 apart apart ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 put put VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 9 next next ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 facts fact NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=6:cc 14 ask ask VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 opposite opposite NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 ccomp _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 24 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 appos _ _ 25 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 conj _ _ 28 than than ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 32 hyperbole hyperbole NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 appos _ _ 33 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 34 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=27:cc 35 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 conj _ _ 36 than than ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 40 understatement understatement NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 appos _ _ 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 42 ? ? PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=imp, act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | | kinds *= kind* | | | apart *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 2 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the words | | | | next *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent word=Goal | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | bit | the opposite | | | | of the truth | tree rules | | 5 | **be** | | bit *not said here* | | | | | than the truth | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/3/) - next →: [Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/)