--- title: English has four kinds of sentence: a statement tells (The cake is h… — Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, comma… · tree and pragmatics description: English has four kinds of sentence: a statement tells (The cake is huge.), a question asks (What is that cake?), a command tells someone to do something (Eat the cake.), and an exclamation shows strong feeling (What a huge cake!). Who acts: English, statement, cake, question. A sentence of the lesso --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Kinds of sentences: statements, questi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/) / 0 # Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations, sentence 0 English has four kinds of sentence: a statement tells (The cake is huge.), a question asks (What is that cake?), a command tells someone to do something (Eat the cake.), and an exclamation shows strong feeling (What a huge cake!). **Who acts:** English, statement, cake, question, command, someone · **What happens:** have, tell, be, ask, do, eat · **To what, where:** four kinds, cake, someone, something, strong feeling · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, statement, cake, question), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson:0 # text = English has four kinds of sentence: a statement tells (The cake is huge.), a question asks (What is that cake?), a command tells someone to do something (Eat the cake.), and an exclamation shows strong feeling (What a huge cake!). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 sentence sentence NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 statement statement NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 11 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 12 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 16 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ 17 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 question question NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 23 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 21 obj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 25 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 27 ? ? PUNCT . _ 21 punct _ _ 28 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 command command NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 33 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 32 obj _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 36 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 35 obj _ _ 37 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 38 punct _ _ 38 Eat eat VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 35 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:parataxis 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ _ 42 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 38 punct _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 45 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 exclamation exclamation NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 47 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 48 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 feeling feel NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obj _ _ 50 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 54 punct _ _ 51 What what DET WDT PronType=Int 54 det:predet _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 53 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ _ 54 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 parataxis _ _ 55 ! ! PUNCT . _ 54 punct _ _ 56 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 54 punct _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | English | four kinds of sentence | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a statement | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | the cake | | | | | huge *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | a question | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient | | 5 | **is a** | present | | that cake | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a command | someone | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | something | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality | | 8 | **eat** | infinitive | | the cake | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient | | 9 | **show** | present | a exclamation | strong feeling | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent feel=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Prepositions and conjunctions: little…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/16/) - next →: [Kinds of sentences: statements, questi…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/)