--- title: Don't judge by the first word: "What a huge cake!" and "What is that… — Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, comma… · tree and pragmatics description: Don't judge by the first word: "What a huge cake!" and "What is that huge cake?" both start with what, but only one asks for an answer. Who acts: you, huge cake, both, one. A sentence of the lesson «Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations» of the language course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Kinds of sentences: statements, questi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/) / 3 # Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations, sentence 3 Don't judge by the first word: "What a huge cake!" and "What is that huge cake?" both start with what, but only one asks for an answer. **Who acts:** you, huge cake, both, one · **What happens:** not judge, be, start, ask · **To what, where:** huge cake · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, huge cake, both, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson:3 # text = Don't judge by the first word: "What a huge cake!" and "What is that huge cake?" both start with what, but only one asks for an answer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Do do AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 2 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 3 advmod _ _ 3 judge judge VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 7 amod _ _ 7 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 10 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 13 det:predet _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:nsubj 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ _ 14 ! ! PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 18 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 22 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 20 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 det _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:case|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 21 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 23 ? ? PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 25 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 26 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Tot 26 start start VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 what what PRON WP PronType=Rel 26 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 but but CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 only only ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 33 nsubj _ _ 33 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 34 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 answer answer NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **judge** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | | | | | by the first word | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | what huge cake and that huge cake | that huge cake | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **start** | present | both | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with what=Subeventuality | | 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | one | | | | | for a answer | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Kinds of sentences: statements, questi…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/2/) - next →: [Kinds of sentences: statements, questi…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/)