--- title: Tense is the form of a verb that shows when something happens: I go… — Tenses: past, present and future · tree and pragmatics description: Tense is the form of a verb that shows when something happens: I go (present), I went (past); time words like "yesterday" and "tomorrow" must match the verb, so "Yesterday I go to the zoo" needs "went". Who acts: Tense, verb, something, I. A sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Tenses: past, present and future](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/) / 0 # Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 0 Tense is the form of a verb that shows when something happens: I go (present), I went (past); time words like "yesterday" and "tomorrow" must match the verb, so "Yesterday I go to the zoo" needs "went". **Who acts:** Tense, verb, something, I, time words · **What happens:** be, show, happen, go, match, need · **To what, where:** form, past, verb, zoo This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tense, verb, something, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:0 # text = Tense is the form of a verb that shows when something happens: I go (present), I went (past); time words like "yesterday" and "tomorrow" must match the verb, so "Yesterday I go to the zoo" needs "went". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Tense tense NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 11 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 12 nsubj _ _ 12 happens happen VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:ccomp 13 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 16 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 17 present present NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 parataxis _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 23 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 24 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 28 like like ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 yesterday yesterday NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 34 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 match match VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 acl _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 41 so so ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 42 " " PUNCT `` _ 43 punct _ _ 43 Yesterday yesterday NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 44 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 50 advcl _ _ 46 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 zoo zoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 49 " " PUNCT '' _ 45 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=50:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 50 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 parataxis _ _ 51 " " PUNCT `` _ 52 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=50:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 52 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 50 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=50:obj 53 " " PUNCT '' _ 52 punct _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Tense | the form and time words like yesterday and tomorrow | | | | of a verb | tree rules | | 2 | **show** | present | a verb | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **happen** | present | something | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **go** | present | I | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **go** | past | I | past | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **match** | must | time words like yesterday and tomorrow *not said here* | the verb | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Patient | | 7 | **go** *in a quote* | present | I | | | the zoo | yesterday | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to zoo=Initial\_Location | | 8 | **need** | present | | | | | | | vn require-103-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | | 9 | **go** *not said to happen, in a quote* | past | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Kinds of sentences: statements, questi…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/17/) - next →: [Tenses: past, present and future, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/)