--- title: The past participle is the verb form used after have, like gone, eat… — Tenses: past, present and future · tree and pragmatics description: The past participle is the verb form used after have, like gone, eaten and seen; have plus a past participle is called the present perfect. Who acts: past participle. A sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Tenses: past, present and future](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/) / 10 # Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 10 The past participle is the verb form used after have, like gone, eaten and seen; have plus a past participle is called the present perfect. **Who acts:** past participle · **What happens:** be, use, have, eat, see, call · **To what, where:** verb form, past participle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (past participle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:10 # text = The past participle is the verb form used after have, like gone, eaten and seen; have plus a past participle is called the present perfect. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 participle participle NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 after after SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 10 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 12 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 gone gone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 advcl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 conj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 20 plus plus CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 participle participle NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 present present ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 perfect perfect ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the past participle | the verb form | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **use** | participle | | the verb form *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **have** | present | | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **eat** | participle | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **see** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **have** | present | | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **call** | present · passive | | a past participle | | | | perfect *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tenses: past, present and future, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/9/) - next →: [Tenses: past, present and future, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/)