--- title: The present perfect (I've eaten) links the past to now; the simple p… — Tenses: past, present and future · tree and pragmatics description: The present perfect (I've eaten) links the past to now; the simple past (I ate) tells of a finished time; Americans often say "Did you eat yet?" where British speakers say "Have you eaten yet?" Who acts: I, present perfect, simple past, Americans. A sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Tenses: past, present and future](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/) / 12 # Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 12 The present perfect (I've eaten) links the past to now; the simple past (I ate) tells of a finished time; Americans often say "Did you eat yet?" where British speakers say "Have you eaten yet?" **Who acts:** I, present perfect, simple past, Americans, you, British speakers · **What happens:** eat, link, tell, finish, say · **To what, where:** past, simple past · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, present perfect, simple past, Americans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:12 # text = The present perfect (I've eaten) links the past to now; the simple past (I ate) tells of a finished time; Americans often say "Did you eat yet?" where British speakers say "Have you eaten yet?" # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 present present ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 perfect perfect ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 7 punct _ _ 5 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 've have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct 9 links link VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 now now ADV RB _ 9 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=9:punct 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 simple simple ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 18 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 19 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 22 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 23 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 finished finish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 26 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:nmod 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 Americans American PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 29 often often ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 32 Did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 ccomp _ _ 35 yet yet ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 ? ? PUNCT . _ 34 punct _ _ 37 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 38 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 41 advmod _ _ 39 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 speakers speaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 41 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 42 " " PUNCT `` _ 45 punct _ _ 43 Have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 41 ccomp _ _ 46 yet yet ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 47 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ 48 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present · perfect | I | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **link** | present | the present perfect | the past | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent past=Patient to now=Co-Patient | | 3 | **eat** | past | I | the simple past *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent past=Patient | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the simple past | | | | time | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **finish** | participle | | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 6 | **say** *speech: ask* | present | Americans | | | | | often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **eat** *in a quote* | past · do-support | you | | | | yet | | tree rules | | 8 | **say** *speech: ask* | present | British speakers | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | | | | yet | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tenses: past, present and future, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/11/) - next →: [Tenses: past, present and future, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/)